The telecommunication service in the world had experienced a great leap within a past few decade. In the world, there are 6 billion people own a mobile phones. So, the main purpose of the post is to provide a general explanation about 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G for those who are still unaware and blur with the latest technology in the telecommunication system.
In the communication system the "G" in 1G, 2G,3G and 4G stands for "generation". 1G is the first and oldest methodology to provide link between each user in the network. In 1G, it is a technology which is using narrow band analogue wireless network. With limited bandwidth, the network only able to provide voice calls and capable for sending text messages. Besides that, a limited service range and expensive cost which may be faced by 1G users. Thus, 2G had been developed and quickly replaced 1G in order to satisfy the requirement of the market. In 2G wireless cellular mobile services which has the similar voice calls as 1G, but a main feature different from 1G is that the facility of short message service (SMS) is provided. In order to transmit text data, 2G GSM network service range from 800MHz/900MHz or 1800/1900 spectrum while the bandwidth is 30-200kHz. The another difference between 1G and 2G is that, 2G owns a semi-global roaming facility while 1G only able to work within in the premises of the particular nation.
To further improve the current network, 2.5 and 3G appeared. 2.5G is the intermediate methodology which was introduced mainly for involving latest bandwidth technology with addition to the existing 2G. Thus it had been replaced by 3G very soon. It is because 2.5G also facing the similar problem as 2G that is limitation of bandwidth thus limiting the data speed. In 3G wide band wireless network, it is so called wide band because 3G operates at a range of 2100MHz and has a bandwidth of 15MHz-20Mhz, thus with the help of 3G, we can access many new services, global roaming, giving clarity of voice as well can talk without any disturbance, fast communication, internet, mobile TV, video call, MMS, streaming and etc.
In 3G, the data are sent through the technology call Packet Switching, it is actually done by supplying various addressed packets and will be interconnected to have the conversation. Thus, it is not necessary to create a interpreted through Circuit Switching. It is a highly sophisticated form of communication that has came up in the last decade. Since 3G is good enough but why 4G still is developed? It is because 4G able to promise a downloading speed of 100Mbps which is mush faster than in 3G.
3G and 4G are good but why it is still not popular and implemented widely over the world? The main reasons is the cost. For fully using 3G and 4G features, users need to pay more, thus market in those developing countries will be smaller. Besides that, a wide band frequency spectrum for 3G is lacking. So, still need some time to make people adapt it especially the cost.
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